Nothings beats some good Third Amendment jurisprudence. Nobody much talks about the Third Amendment’s guarantee that “[n]o Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.” It’s really the forgotten Amendment in the Bill of Rights; people still fight over the other amendments (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10) but nobody ever fights over the third.
Well, wait, two people did. The first is about the flying of military aircraft over a landowner’s property:
Custer County Action Ass’n v. Garvey, 256 F.3d 1024 (10th Cir. 2001)
Judicial interpretation of the Third Amendment is nearly nonexistent. The crux of any such claim, however, is whether the nature of the asserted property interest falls “within the ambit of the Third Amendment’s proscription against quartering troops ‘in any house, without the consent of the Owner.’” Citing Engblom v. Carey, Petitioners argue that “because a private party has rights to the airspace above his or her property … the United States military may not appropriate such property interests during peacetime without the property owners’ consent.” This argument borders on frivolous.
D’oh! Frivolous! I guess that was to be expected, but surprisingly they’re not all frivolous. Check out the one other case on the topic dealing with a prison guard strike:
Engblom v. Carey, 677 F.2d 957 (2nd Cir. 1982)
In this action, brought [] by two correction officers at the Mid-Orange Correctional Facility (”Mid-Orange”) in Warwick, New York, against the Governor and various officials of the State of New York, plaintiffs-appellants contend that their due process and Third Amendment rights were violated during a statewide strike of correction officers in April and May of 1979 when they were evicted from their facility-residences without notice or hearing and their residences were used to house members of the National Guard without their consent. For the first time a federal court is asked to invalidate as violative of the Third Amendment the peacetime quartering of troops “in any house, without the consent of the Owner.” District Judge Robert W. Sweet granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground that appellants did not have a sufficient possessory interest in their facility-residences to entitle them to protection under the Third Amendment and the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. We affirm the dismissal of the due process claim on the ground that adequate post-deprivation procedures were afforded to protect appellants’ rights. We reverse the dismissal of the Third Amendment claim on the ground that issues as to material facts rendered summary judgment inappropriate.
Aside from the lower court’s opinion in this case, there are no reported opinions involving the literal application of the Third Amendment. Several far-fetched, metaphorical applications have been urged and summarily rejected.
…
Some time before April 25 a decision was made by Mid-Orange to clear the rooms that had been leased to the striking officers so that the rooms could be used to house National Guardsmen, who until then had been housed in the school and administration buildings. On April 25 officer-tenants were permitted to enter and remove and store their belongings in a locked storage area in the building, and appellants did so. Their rooms had been ransacked and personal property was found to be missing or destroyed. Beginning at the same time Guardsmen were housed in these rooms and remained until the end of the strike on May 5. It is undisputed that Palmer’s room was so used. While Snow’s affidavit states that Engblom’s room was never occupied by Guardsmen, this was disputed by Engblom’s affidavit.
Wow… sounds pretty dead on, doesn’t it? Like, a real Third Amendment claim? Well, the dissent didn’t think so:
The majority holds that Judge Robert W. Sweet improperly granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment and dismissed the claim of Marianne E. Engblom and Charles E. Palmer, state correction officers, that their Third Amendment rights were violated by the quartering of New York State National Guardsmen in their residences at the Mid-Orange Correctional Facility in Warwick, New York, during a statewide strike of correction officers. Supporting this theoretical and impracticable position, which acknowledges a farfetched Third Amendment “quartering” claim based on a constitutional provision rarely, if ever, utilized, the majority conjures phantom “genuine issues of material fact.” Moreover, my brethren adopt a fanciful interpretation of the meaning of “house” protected under the Third Amendment, and fail to pay sufficient heed to the special circumstances and exigencies of prison administration. I cannot agree. A careful and practical analysis, responsive to the full range of interests at stake, leads me to the conclusion that Engblom and Palmer did not have a property interest which would give them the right under the Third Amendment to exclude from their prison quarters National Guardsmen sent to the prison during the crisis conditions caused by the strike. Accordingly, in light of the patently frivolous nature of appellants’ claim, I dissent from this aspect of the Court’s decision…
The majority’s willingness seriously to entertain a “quartering of troops” claim holds us up to derision
D’oh! Frivolous again! And this time, it was “patently frivolous.” That was unexpected… and sad. Oh well.